Because of these potential problems, when given the option, many photographers prefer to capture images using a raw file format because raw file formats don't throw away any information using lossy compression. The primary issue is that these file formats that use lossy compression have significantly less flexibility when we're making adjustments such as changing colors or tone or contrast in Photoshop. Depending on the amount of compression, which we don't always have control over, the quality of the photograph can range from being very high, where it's often difficult or even impossible to tell that the file's been compressed, to very low, where compression artifacts such as banding between colors or large blocks of color start to become noticeable. However, the reason that the files are so small is because these formats throw away information using a process called lossy compression. Both JPEG and HEIC files' popularity is based primarily on the fact that the files are really small so you can store a large number of photos on a single mobile device or on a card and they can be written to those devices very quickly. JPEG and HEIC make up for the majority of images captured on mobile devices and are almost always an option on larger DSLR or mirrorless cameras. Today, most photographs are captured as either a JPEG or Apple's HEIC or as a raw file. Now, to simplify, I'm going to divide them into three areas of the workflow: the original source or capture file formats, working formats or your master file formats, and output formats created for specific devices. There are a variety of formats that you need to familiarize yourself with when you're working with images in Photoshop.
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